Enhancing Eye-Hand Coordination with Therapy Intervention to Improve Visual-Spatial Abilities using ‘The Re-training Approach’ in Children with Down Syndrome: Three Case Studies
Eye-hand coordination and visual-spatial abilities are an integral part of a child’s development, since both skills are necessary for functional independence as well as for academic progress.
Purpose: This study is aimed at understanding the relationship between visual-spatial abilities and eye-hand coordination based on the ‘Re-training Approach’. An underlying assumption of this approach is that skills learned for one task can be generalised to other areas.
Method: Three children with Down syndrome were initially tested for eye-hand coordination, and the tests were repeated periodically throughout the intervention programme which comprised visual-spatial activities.
Results: The authors observed that there was a steady improvement in the eye-hand coordination as well as the visual-spatial abilities of children involved in the intensive therapy programme. This improvement manifested in the reduction of time taken to perform the coordination tests and in the errors made while performing the tests.
Keywords
Authors
How to Cite
Download Citation
License
Copyright © 2012 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License By-NC-ND 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access ).
Similar Articles
- Arathi P Rao, Hitesh Shah, Shyamala Guruvare, Manisha Gore, Kesavan Rajasekharan Nayar, Bindhya Vijayan, Perspectives of Caregivers on Pubertal Changes among Young Adolescent Girls with Cerebral Palsy: a Qualitative Analysis , Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development: Vol. 32 No. 3 (2021): Autumn 2021
- Dr Sara Varughese, Dr Lindsey Gale , Dr. S. Francis Annuncia, Yashashree Deore, Professor Nathan Grills, Fairlene Soji, The Impact Evaluation of Community Based Inclusive Development (CBID) Training: Outcomes of CBM India Trust Training , Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development: Vol. 36 No. 1 (2025): Spring Issue
- Huib Cornielje, A response to the editorial of March 2026 "Bridging the Research–Practice Gap: A Crisis of Values in Rehabilitation” by Zelalem Dessalegn Demeke , Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development: Vol. 37 No. 2 (2026): Summer Issue
- Tiun Ling Ta, Lee Lay Wah, Khoo Suet Leng, Employability of People with Disabilities in the Northern States of Peninsular Malaysia: Employers’ Perspective , Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development: Vol. 22 No. 2 (2011): Autumn
- SP Goswami, GGR Anita Ravindra, Kanchan Sharma, Introduction of Indian Sign Language in Inclusive Education , Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development: Vol. 30 No. 4 (2019): Winter 2019
- Marie-Julie J Heeren, Lai Ky, Wim H van Brakel, Perceived Needs Related to Social Participation of People with Leprosy-related Disabilities and other People with Disabilities in Cambodia: A Qualitative Study , Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development: Vol. 25 No. 3 (2014): Autumn 2014
- Jessica O'Dowd, Malcolm MacLachlan, Chapel Khasnabis, Priscille Geiser, Towards a Core Set of Clinical Skills for Health-Related Community Based Rehabilitation in Low and Middle Income Countries , Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development: Vol. 26 No. 3 (2015): Autumn 2015
- The Maria Meiwati Widagdo, Yunita Rappun, Aprilia Vetricia Gandrung, Edy Wibowo, Impact of Visual Impairment and Correction on Vision-Related Quality of Life: Comparing People with Different Levels of Visual Acuity in Indonesia , Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development: Vol. 31 No. 4 (2020): Winter
- Acheampong Enoch, Wisdom Kwadwo Mprah, Isaac Owusu, Joseph Bediako, Role of Caregivers of Children with Intellectual Disabilities and Support Systems Available to them in Ghana , Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development: Vol. 28 No. 4 (2017): Winter 2017
- Soraia Micaela Silva, Fredi Alexander Diaz-Quijano, Camila Ferreira da Cruz, Paula da Cruz Peniche, João Carlos Ferrari Corrêa, Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria, Does Residing in Environments of Different Metropolises in a Developing Country exert an Impact on Disability after Stroke? , Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development: Vol. 32 No. 2 (2021): Summer
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.