The Role of Interdisciplinary Teams in Preventing ICU-Acquired Weakness: A Systematic Review

Background: ICU-Acquired Weakness (ICUAW) is a frequent complication among critically ill patients and is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, extended hospitalization, functional decline, reduced quality of life, and long-term disability. Various nursing and rehabilitation interventions have been implemented to prevent ICUAW; however, evidence regarding their effectiveness remains variable.

Objectives: To synthesize current evidence on nursing and interdisciplinary interventions for preventing ICU-Acquired Weakness in critically ill adult patients and to identify interventions associated with improved functional outcomes.

Method: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, ProQuest, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Studies published between January 2014 and May 2024 were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eligible studies included adult ICU patients receiving nursing or interdisciplinary interventions aimed at preventing ICUAW. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist.

Results: Of 693 records identified, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicated that early mobilization consistently improved muscle strength, mobility, and functional recovery while reducing the incidence of ICUAW. Nutritional optimization, range-of-motion exercises, massage therapy, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, blood flow restriction-assisted mobilization, and structured rehabilitation programs demonstrated beneficial effects on muscle preservation and recovery. Multidisciplinary collaboration involving nurses, physiotherapists, nutritionists, rehabilitation specialists, and psychologists was associated with improved rehabilitation outcomes and functional independence.

Conclusion: Nursing and interdisciplinary interventions, particularly early mobilization and comprehensive rehabilitation strategies, may effectively reduce the risk of ICUAW and improve recovery among critically ill adults. Nurses play a central role in coordinating rehabilitation, monitoring patient safety, providing education, and facilitating patient engagement throughout the recovery process.